AI factories are power-constrained industrial systems. The question is no longer how many GPUs fit in a data center, but how much AI output each available...

AI factories are power-constrained industrial systems. The question is no longer how many GPUs fit in a data center, but how much AI output each available megawatt can deliver. For AI inference workloads, this makes application-level performance per watt the key metric for measuring AI factory efficiency. Not every megawatt translates to revenue-generating compute. Power distribution, cooling…

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Recommender systems (RecSys) are one of the most ubiquitous machine learning problems in the consumer internet industry yet notoriously difficult to train and...

Recommender systems (RecSys) are one of the most ubiquitous machine learning problems in the consumer internet industry yet notoriously difficult to train and serve at scale. The advent of LLMs has inspired a shift from the traditional embedding-similarity-based objective to a generative one, where the goal is to predict the next action or item in a large catalog given a sequence of user histories.

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Uniform Manifold Approximation and Projection (UMAP) is a dimensionality reduction technique widely used for visualization and feature extraction. Applications...

Uniform Manifold Approximation and Projection (UMAP) is a dimensionality reduction technique widely used for visualization and feature extraction. Applications range across exploratory data analysis, topic modeling, and single-cell analysis. Many of these workflows are iterative and exploratory, requiring UMAP to be run repeatedly as users analyze their data or tune parameters. As datasets grow…

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After its cloud storage provider went defunct, a PBS affiliate decided to sue a data center provider to regain access to 50TB of TV shows, videos, and other data dating back 70 years.

As reported this week by Current, a trade newspaper covering public broadcasting, St. Louis affiliate Nine PBS filed a lawsuit against Iron Mountain Data Centers on July 28, seeking access to the data. In the litigation filed in Denver District Court, Nine PBS says that its cloud storage provider, Open Source Storage (OSS), used one of Iron Mountain’s Denver data centers to store the channel’s data. However, OSS is being unresponsive, and Nine PBS says Iron Mountain has refused to release its data.

The data in question includes the station’s coverage of the COVID-19 pandemic, East St. Louis’ history, The Great Flood of 1993, and over 11,000 files, The Denver Post reported in July. The lawsuit claims that “most” of the data is “unique and irreplaceable,” according to the Post.

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AI infrastructure spans multiple layers, from compute and networking to storage, orchestration, and applications. When performance degrades, identifying the...

AI infrastructure spans multiple layers, from compute and networking to storage, orchestration, and applications. When performance degrades, identifying the source can be difficult because a symptom observed at one layer may originate elsewhere in the stack. A full-stack observability strategy connects telemetry across these layers, helping infrastructure and operations teams detect problems…

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Meta returns to the open source ecosystem with the release of Muse Glimmer, a 30B open-weight dense model with a 120K+ context window built for local AI...

Meta returns to the open source ecosystem with the release of Muse Glimmer, a 30B open-weight dense model with a 120K+ context window built for local AI agentic work. Optimized to run across a range of NVIDIA edge, desktop, and workstation AI platforms, Muse Glimmer delivers 20K tokens/sec on a single GPU, enabling always-on agents to process data locally and execute complex…

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Storage is an active part of every agentic AI workflow. As agents retrieve enterprise knowledge, access persistent memory, reuse key-value (KV) cache data,...

Storage is an active part of every agentic AI workflow. As agents retrieve enterprise knowledge, access persistent memory, reuse key-value (KV) cache data, execute tools, and generate new results, storage systems must continuously supply and preserve the data that moves the agent reasoning loop. Each agent step can trigger multiple storage operations, and those operations can repeat across…

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Running a dedicated Kubernetes cluster per team often results in more isolation than an organization requires. While one cluster can be successfully shared...

Running a dedicated Kubernetes cluster per team often results in more isolation than an organization requires. While one cluster can be successfully shared across many teams, the coordination costs increase as the number of teams grows. Challenges include conflicting CRD versions, overlapping RBAC, and no clean way to carve GPU capacity into team-level budgets. At a certain scale…

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As agentic and long-context workloads become common, the context lengths increase and attention consumes a larger share of inference time (Figure 1). Because...

As agentic and long-context workloads become common, the context lengths increase and attention consumes a larger share of inference time (Figure 1). Because attention now dominates that cost, how it is designed—not just how it is implemented—increasingly determines a model’s inference performance. Shaping model architecture around how GPUs execute it is the premise of AI model co-design.

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Two AI computing clusters built from identical NVIDIA H100, GB200 NVL72, or GB300 NVL72 systems can deliver materially different training throughput. We...

Two AI computing clusters built from identical NVIDIA H100, GB200 NVL72, or GB300 NVL72 systems can deliver materially different training throughput. We routinely see 8% to 12% gaps between partner deployments and the corresponding NVIDIA reference architecture (RA) on the same workload, same model, same global batch size. The cause is often a stack of configuration choices in the kernel…

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Qualcomm has announced that it has completed its acquisition of Modular Inc, an innovator in AI-native software infrastructure. Modular’s software platform gives developers a unified way to optimize and deploy generative and agentic AI workloads across heterogenous computing systems. Combined with Qualcomm Technologies’ leadership in high-performance, energy-efficient compute, Modular strengthens the company’s ability to deliver […]

Construction scheduling is where most projects quietly fall apart. Not during the build itself, but in the planning gaps where subcontractors overlap, crews wait on materials, and the office loses touch with the field. The best construction scheduling software closes those gaps before they become delays. After reviewing dozens of platforms, five stood out for […]

As AI workloads increase, explosive compute demand is pushing the semiconductor industry to meet unprecedented performance targets. Even small delays can have...

As AI workloads increase, explosive compute demand is pushing the semiconductor industry to meet unprecedented performance targets. Even small delays can have outsized financial impact in fast-moving AI hardware cycles. Simultaneously, the shift from chip-level optimization to system-level engineering is compounding thermal and power challenges. Meeting these demands requires breakthroughs…

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Every byte moved has a cost. As model checkpoints grow to hundreds of gigabytes or even a terabyte, that cost adds up quickly. To make things even worse, moving...

Every byte moved has a cost. As model checkpoints grow to hundreds of gigabytes or even a terabyte, that cost adds up quickly. To make things even worse, moving these model weights around the cluster is extremely common. For instance, a cold start may pull weights from remote storage into GPU memory; autoscaling and rolling updates must populate each new replica; and RL post-training continuously…

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What began as discrete AI model training and human-facing chat interfaces has evolved into always-on AI factories dedicated to producing intelligence at scale....

What began as discrete AI model training and human-facing chat interfaces has evolved into always-on AI factories dedicated to producing intelligence at scale. These factories are now tasked with powering agentic workflows that reason, plan, use tools, verify intermediate results, and execute complex multistep tasks across vast contexts. Agentic workloads are not defined by a single prompt…

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Frontier model pre-training has converged on mixture of experts (MoE), which is fundamentally changing what limits large-scale AI training. As compute per token...

Frontier model pre-training has converged on mixture of experts (MoE), which is fundamentally changing what limits large-scale AI training. As compute per token falls, communication increasingly determines how efficiently models scale across thousands of GPUs. NVIDIA GB300 NVL72 set a world record for pre-training DeepSeek-V3 671B at 1,648 TFLOPs per GPU, showing how advances across the entire AI…

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Agentic AI shifts more of the critical execution path onto the CPU. Agents operate in sandboxes to execute code, invoke tools, retrieve context, interact with...

Agentic AI shifts more of the critical execution path onto the CPU. Agents operate in sandboxes to execute code, invoke tools, retrieve context, interact with databases, and analyze results before returning information to the model. As these loops run concurrently across an AI factory, CPU performance increasingly shapes both per-agent responsiveness and overall factory throughput.

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Agentic AI changes the infrastructure pattern for AI factories. One request can trigger many model calls, tool calls, memory lookups, policy checks, storage...

Agentic AI changes the infrastructure pattern for AI factories. One request can trigger many model calls, tool calls, memory lookups, policy checks, storage accesses, and network transfers before a final answer is produced. As more agents run at once and carry context across steps, users, tools, services, and sessions, infrastructure must move, protect, retrieve, and reuse data fast enough to keep…

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Useful quantum computers will require fault tolerant logical operations. Researchers are actively exploring many different quantum error correction (QEC) codes...

Useful quantum computers will require fault tolerant logical operations. Researchers are actively exploring many different quantum error correction (QEC) codes to enable this, improving the Logical Error Rates (LER) of Quantum Processing Units (QPUs). While it is well understood how to run logical operations with surface codes (which belong to the topological code family) via lattice surgery…

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AI performance comes down to three dimensions:  Accuracy: How well the model reasons and produces outputs Throughput: How many tokens per second a...

AI performance comes down to three dimensions: Deployments must balance all three: High accuracy is wasted if responses are slow, and raw throughput means little if each user’s experience is laggy. Practical systems therefore optimize accuracy, throughput, and interactivity together. This post focuses on throughput and interactivity, and how model-design choices shape both without…

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